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dc.contributor.authorAlehagen, Urban
dc.contributor.authorAaseth, Jan
dc.contributor.authorAlexander, Jan
dc.contributor.authorJohansson, Peter
dc.coverage.spatialNorwayen_US
dc.date.accessioned2020-03-11T13:46:16Z
dc.date.available2020-03-11T13:46:16Z
dc.date.created2018-04-23T14:07:05Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.identifier.citationPLoS ONE. 2018, 13 (4), doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193120.en_US
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2646435
dc.description.abstractSelenium and coenzyme Q10 are both necessary for optimal cell function in the body. The intake of selenium is low in Europe, and the endogenous production of coenzyme Q10 decreases as age increases. Therefore, an intervention trial using selenium and coenzyme Q10 for four years as a dietary supplement was performed. The main publication reported reduced cardiovascular mortality as a result of the intervention. In the present sub-study the objective was to determine whether reduced cardiovascular (CV) mortality persisted after 12 years, in the supplemented population or in subgroups with diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease or reduced functional capacity due to impaired cardiac function. Methods From a rural municipality in Sweden, four hundred forty-three healthy elderly individuals were included. All cardiovascular mortality was registered, and no participant was lost to the follow-up. Based on death certificates and autopsy results, mortality was registered. Findings After 12 years a significantly reduced CV mortality could be seen in those supplemented with selenium and coenzyme Q10, with a CV mortality of 28.1% in the active treatment group, and 38.7% in the placebo group. A multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated a reduced CV mortality risk in the active treatment group (HR: 0.59; 95%CI 0.42–0.81; P = 0.001). In those with ischemic heart disease, diabetes, hypertension and impaired functional capacity we demonstrated a significantly reduced CV mortality risk. Conclusions This is a 12-year follow-up of a group of healthy elderly participants that were supplemented with selenium and coenzyme Q10 for four years. Even after twelve years we observed a significantly reduced risk for CV mortality in this group, as well as in subgroups of patients with diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease or impaired functional capacity. The results thus validate the results obtained in the 10-year evaluation. The protective action was not confined to the intervention period, but persisted during the follow-up period. The mechanisms behind this effect remain to be fully elucidated, although various effects on cardiac function, oxidative stress, fibrosis and inflammation have previously been identified. Since this was a small study, the observations should be regarded as hypothesis-generating.en_US
dc.description.abstractStill reduced cardiovascular mortality 12 years after supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 for four years: A validation of previous 10-year follow-up results of a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in elderlyen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipPart of the analysis costs was supported by grants from Pharma Nord Aps, Denmark, the County Council of O¨stergo¨tland, Linko¨ping University. The funding organizations had no role in the design, management, analysis, or interpretation of the data, nor in the preparation, review or approval of the manuscript. No economic compensation was distributed.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherPone journalsen_US
dc.relation.urihttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0193120&type=printable
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.subjectClinical trials;en_US
dc.subjectSelenium and coenzyme Q10 supplementationen_US
dc.subjectrandomized double-blind placebo-controlled trialen_US
dc.subjectelderlyen_US
dc.subjectcardiovascular mortalityen_US
dc.subject10-year follow-upen_US
dc.subjectdietary supplementen_US
dc.subjectischemic heart diseaseen_US
dc.subjectreduced functional capacityen_US
dc.subjectcardiac functionen_US
dc.subjectdiabetesen_US
dc.subjecthypertensionen_US
dc.titleStill reduced cardiovascular mortality 12 years after supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 for four years: A validation of previous 10-year follow-up results of a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in elderlyen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.rights.holder© 2018 Alehagen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.en_US
dc.source.pagenumber15en_US
dc.source.volume13en_US
dc.source.journalPLoS ONEen_US
dc.source.issue4en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pone.0193120
dc.identifier.cristin1581013
cristin.unitcode1991,1,2,0
cristin.unitnameAvd Forskning
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode1


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