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dc.contributor.authorHoldø, Ingvild
dc.contributor.authorBramness, Jørgen Gustav
dc.contributor.authorHandal, Marte
dc.contributor.authorHansen, Berit Hjelde
dc.contributor.authorHjellvik, Vidar
dc.contributor.authorSkurtveit, Svetlana
dc.date.accessioned2021-04-28T11:51:46Z
dc.date.available2021-04-28T11:51:46Z
dc.date.created2020-10-13T11:32:10Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.identifier.citationHoldø, I., et al. (2020). "Association Between Prescribed Hypnotics in Infants and Toddlers and Later ADHD: A Large Cohort Study from Norway." Child Psychiatry and Human Development: 11.en_US
dc.identifier.issn0009-398X
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2740159
dc.description.abstractAs previously indicated an association may exist between early sleep problems in infants and toddlers, and a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of this study was to study if this association could be replicated in a complete nationwide cohort of children. Prospective cohort study using national registries. All children born in Norway from January 2004 to December 2010 were included (N = 410,555). Information on hypnotic drugs dispensed to children 0-3 years of age outside of institutions was collected from the Norwegian Prescription Database and used as a proxy for sleep problems. The outcome ADHD (ICD-10), as diagnosed by specialists in the Child Mental Health Service, was obtained from the Norwegian Patient Registry. Data were analysed using weighted estimation in Cox regression. The unadjusted weighted hazard ratio (wHR) for a later diagnosis of ADHD in children dispensed two or more prescriptions for any hypnotic drug, compared to zero prescriptions, was 2.30 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.63-3.23] for girls and 1.75 (95% CI 1.48-2.07) for boys. For the sedative antihistamine trimeprazine the corresponding wHR was 3.71 (95% CI 1.83-7.52) for girls and 2.78 (95% CI 2.04-3.80) for boys. After adjusting for parental ADHD and parental education the wHR for trimeprazine users was 2.81 (95% CI 1.34-5.88) for girls and 2.33 (95% CI 1.70-3.20) for boys. Infants and toddlers who were dispensed hypnotics had an increased risk of ADHD at school age. This association was most pronounced with the use of trimeprazine, a drug traditionally prescribed to toddlers for sleep problems in Norway. After adjusting for parental ADHD and educational level the risk for ADHD among the trimeprazine users was still more than twice the risk among controls.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipOpen Access funding provided by Norwegian Institute of Public Health (FHI). This research has been funded by internal means only.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.subjectADHDen_US
dc.subjectHypnoticsen_US
dc.subjectInfancyen_US
dc.subjectSleep disorderen_US
dc.titleAssociation Between Prescribed Hypnotics in Infants and Toddlersen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.rights.holderThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creat iveco mmons .org/licen ses/by/4.0/.en_US
dc.source.pagenumber11en_US
dc.source.journalChild Psychiatry and Human Developmenten_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s10578-020-01039-9
dc.identifier.cristin1839144
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode1


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